`Normalisation' of these curlicues provides an interesting example of chaos. Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED) entails that curlicues appear as a secondary diffraction phenomenon. So all this is not just a pleasantry.
Sums of the kind pictured here, arise naturally
in fundamental mathematical questions.
Their study is difficult, whilst modern computation,
particularly a laser-printer and its
PostScript language,
make actually drawing these graphs almost trivial.
And as always, a picture may be worth a
thousand hours of intense study and calculation.
(
PostScript is a registered trademark of
Adobe Systems Inc.)